1. One EPO.
2. No, because to detect blood transfusion requires blood draws.
3. I'm not quite sure if there are masking agents for EPO and the half life is pretty short so I don't know why it would require one. I can think of diuretics as a possibility, but those are detectable in urinalysis see Chavez Jr.
4. Urine testing detects the target structure to determine the synthetic from naturally occurring EPO.
2. No, because to detect blood transfusion requires blood draws.
3. I'm not quite sure if there are masking agents for EPO and the half life is pretty short so I don't know why it would require one. I can think of diuretics as a possibility, but those are detectable in urinalysis see Chavez Jr.
4. Urine testing detects the target structure to determine the synthetic from naturally occurring EPO.
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