As explained, this pattern of thinking follows no particular anthropological concept that I'm familiar with. Unless of course it can be demonstrated that these hunter-gatherers' primary motivation for isolation is due to an innate feeling of "distrust" towards another given group, or because it is a better subsistence strategy for that lifestyle, in which tight knit, compacted nomadic groups (not large sedentary populations) were all that lifestyle could provide for. It is a case of survival, the same as how a pack of wolves in this territory will chase off another pack of wolves who come too close. There is nothing to indicate that the said wolves are racist against other wolves.There is nothing by way of available data that will support your bolded claim, as highlighted above.
Easier said than done and people have been preaching it for years. Alternately maybe people should indeed try a bit harder to overcome the primitive instinct of discrimination. However, the way you described it as far as selection for humans to discriminate, it would seem by this model that the more "human" you are, the more prone you are to racism.
Using misguided speculation to support your claim isn't really considered supportive of a proposed conclusion.
I conclude that the best way to counter racism is not to try to fight thousands of years of evolutionary instinct, but to work with it, break down the barriers and not separate people by race.
You may be right about the evidence (or lack thereof) of the fate of the Neanderthals. I did a quick search, I'm sure there was some evidence came out within the last year that there was some sort of war. But given the aggression in every human population ever since it would seem more far fetched that there was not some murder of Neanderthals carried out by early humans in areas where there was competition for resources.

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