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Anesthesia, local injectable: Dose varies with procedure, degree of anesthesia needed, vascularity of tissue, duration of anesthesia required, and physical condition of patient; maximum dose: 4.5 mg/kg/dose; do not repeat within 2 hours.
Lidocaine
When injected in or under the skin, prevents sensory nerves from firing by depolarizing sensory nerve axons (the electrical wires of the nerves).
Because plain lidocaine is water soluble, it rapidly flushes away with nearby blood capillaries and veins. The half life for 1 milliliter of plain lidocaine injected below the skin (subcuticular) is about an hour.
Lidocaine with epinephrine (LidocaineE)
Works the same as plain lidocaine, except the epinephrine causes all the blood vessels in the area to constrict for hours.
Without blood flow to the area, the lidocaine does not get flushed away.
Depending on the location and the amount injected, LidocaineE can have a half-life up to 6 hours.
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