USADA's Travis Tygart on Blood-Testing, Steroids, Boxing.
Just cause its a year later doesn't make it any less relevant:
http://boxing.fanhouse.com/2010/01/09/usada-chief-travis-tygart-on-blood-testing-steroids-boxing/
Travis Tygart, chief executive of the United States Anti-Doping Agency, was initially brought in to oversee the Olympic-style, random blood-testing that was at the center of the controversy leading to the demise of the negotiations -- and, presumably, the most lucrative boxing match in history -- between WBO welterweight (147 pounds) king and seven-division titlist, Manny Pacquiao, of the Philippines, and five-time champion, Floyd Mayweather, of Las Vegas, that was slated for March 13 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas.
Now, however, it appears that Mayweather-Pacquiao is off, indefinitely, as Pacquiao (50-3-2, 38 knockouts) appears to be all-but signed up to defend against Joshua Clottey of Accra, Ghana, at The Dallas Cowboys' Stadium on March 13, and Mayweather, reportedly targeted for a matchup with 140-pound, pure-boxer, Paulie Malignaggi, of New York, at the MGM Grand on the same night.
USADA's blood-testing effort was to be used for the first time ever in boxing, in general, and, by The Nevada Athletic Commission, in particular, since the sport has only used urinalysis to detect the use of steroids and other illegal drugs.
Tygart spoke to FanHouse recently concerning the differences between blood and urinalysis checking, the effects of anabolic steroids in combat sports, as well as what he believes is a need to impliment the procedure in boxing, among other things, in this ensuing Q&A.
FanHouse: Can you break down the differences between the effectiveness of drug-detection between urinalysis and blood-testing?
Travis Tygart: There's a host of significant and potent performance enhancing drugs that only blood will detect. Those include human growth hormone ; HBOC -- and that is synthetic hemoglobin; transfusions; certain forms of EPO, such as Mircera, which is essentially a designer EPO.
So those are a few of the specific drugs. There is also a different technique, which is known as parameter testing, which is done by the blood, or biological passport testing. Essentially, what it does is that it does not detect a specific drug like HGH.
But it looks at a host of parameters or biological markers that are natural to everyone's body. And over time -- if you look at those for an individual -- over time, you can see variability or fluctuations in those naturally occurring markers that we all have.
And if you see fluctuations to a certain degree, you can conclusively determine that those fluctuations were caused by nothing other than drug use, and certain categories of drug use. Not necessarily a specific drug, but categories of drug use.
I think that it's fair to say that there are several, very potent, performance enhancing drugs that only blood can detect, and there is an entirely different method of detecting broader categories of drug use through parameter testing that is done with the blood.FH: What would it have taken to meld an inaugural blood-testing procedure into place for the Floyd Mayweather-Manny Pacquiao fight in terms of logistics and cost, considering it never has been used by the Nevada State Athletic Commission?
Tygart: Cancel one day of mediation or one state commission meeting, and you've paid for it. It's not cost-prohibitive, particularly, given this kind of a fight, and the money that's being exchanged in the hands. It's not a money issue.
The issue is whether there enough familiarity with the benefits of an Olympic-style, USADA-run, testing program to want to do it. Is this slightly more intrusive? Sure.
Does it mean that you have to be available for blood and urinalysis testing, which might interrupt your ability to go out to dinner at the set time you wanted? Or watch the television that you might want to watch? Possibly.
But it's a slight inconvenience that 3,000-plus athletes, 365 days a year, 24 hours a day, seven days a week -- including holidays -- whole-heartedly agree to because they know that that slight inconvenience is worth the benefit of having all of the competitors tested by an effective program.