Did Columbus Discover America?

[Chollo Vista]

Africans discovered America and the Caribbean Islands before Columbus according to evidence offered by some scholars. Professor Leo Wiener, of Harvard University, in his writings, The Presence of Negroes, claims blacks were in the Americas long before Columbus. His argument is based on the proliferation of statues that posses typical Negro features and African-like monuments located through Central America and the number of maroon colonies in Mexico. V. Riva Palacio was quoted in A.J. Rogers' Book of Amazing Facts saying, "It is indisputable that in very ancient times...the Negro race occupied our territory (Mexico) when the two continents were joined. This race brought its own religious cults and idols. The Mexicans had a black god, Ixliton, which means black-faced".

The pre-existence of blacks in America before Columbus was supported by other historical accounts. According to author, James W. Loewen, "When Columbus reached Haiti, he found the Arawaks in possession of some spear points made of guanine. The Indians told members of Columbs' party that they got the guanine from black traders who had come from the South and East. Guanine proved to be an alloy of gold, silver and copper, identical to the gold alloy preferred by West Africans, who called it "guanine.". Islamic historians have recorded stories of black sailors going into the West. Genetic studies found that traces of diseases common in Africa were also found in pre-Columbian corpses in Brazil. Columbus' son, Ferdinand, who accompanied the admiral on his third voyage, reported that people he met or heard about in eastern Honduras, were"...almost black in color..." and probably African. The first Europeans to reach Panama, Balboa and company, reported seeing black slaves in an Indian town. The Indians reported they had captured them from a nearby black community".

Even if there had never been any reports of blacks in the Americas, their presence seems only logical. A look at the world globe suggests that Africans probably arrived in America before Europeans. If European explorers set out due west, they would land in Iceland or the extreme northern parts of the North American continent. If European explorers did not know where they were going why would they sail southwest, against the currents, to get to the Far East.

Contrarily, it was easier for African explorers to "discover" America because it is closer and directly west of the African continent.

[LADIV]

Africans discovered America and the Caribbean Islands before Columbus according to evidence offered by some scholars. Professor Leo Wiener, of Harvard University, in his writings, The Presence of Negroes, claims blacks were in the Americas long before Columbus. His argument is based on the proliferation of statues that posses typical Negro features and African-like monuments located through Central America and the number of maroon colonies in Mexico. V. Riva Palacio was quoted in A.J. Rogers' Book of Amazing Facts saying, "It is indisputable that in very ancient times...the Negro race occupied our territory (Mexico) when the two continents were joined. This race brought its own religious cults and idols. The Mexicans had a black god, Ixliton, which means black-faced".

The pre-existence of blacks in America before Columbus was supported by other historical accounts. According to author, James W. Loewen, "When Columbus reached Haiti, he found the Arawaks in possession of some spear points made of guanine. The Indians told members of Columbs' party that they got the guanine from black traders who had come from the South and East. Guanine proved to be an alloy of gold, silver and copper, identical to the gold alloy preferred by West Africans, who called it "guanine.". Islamic historians have recorded stories of black sailors going into the West. Genetic studies found that traces of diseases common in Africa were also found in pre-Columbian corpses in Brazil. Columbus' son, Ferdinand, who accompanied the admiral on his third voyage, reported that people he met or heard about in eastern Honduras, were"...almost black in color..." and probably African. The first Europeans to reach Panama, Balboa and company, reported seeing black slaves in an Indian town. The Indians reported they had captured them from a nearby black community".

Even if there had never been any reports of blacks in the Americas, their presence seems only logical. A look at the world globe suggests that Africans probably arrived in America before Europeans. If European explorers set out due west, they would land in Iceland or the extreme northern parts of the North American continent. If European explorers did not know where they were going why would they sail southwest, against the currents, to get to the Far East.

Contrarily, it was easier for African explorers to "discover" America because it is closer and directly west of the African continent.

the vikings came to america way before columbus

[Chollo Vista]

Let's take it even further back:

http://originalpeople.org/first-amer...-aborigines-2/



BBC documentary Ancient Voices, Tracking the First Americans

The programme, Ancient Voices, shows that the dimensions of prehistoric skulls found in Brazil match those of the aboriginal peoples of Australia and Melanesia. Other evidence suggests that these first Americans were later massacred by invaders from Asia.

Until now, native Americans were believed to have descended from Asian ancestors who arrived over a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska and then migrated across the whole of north and south America. The land bridge was formed 11,000 years ago during the ice age, when sea level dropped.



The skulls suggest faces like those of Australian aborigines





However, the new evidence shows that these people did not arrive in an empty wilderness. Stone tools and charcoal from the site in Brazil show evidence of human habitation as long ago as 50,000 years.

The site is at Serra Da Capivara in remote northeast Brazil. This area is now inhabited by the descendants of European settlers and African slaves who arrived just 500 years ago.

But cave paintings found here provided the first clue to the existence of a much older people.



(The costumes and rituals shown in rock art survived in Terra del Fuego)

Images of giant armadillos, which died out before the last ice age, show the artists who drew them lived before even the natives who greeted the Europeans.

These Asian people have facial features described as mongoloid. However, skulls dug from a depth equivalent to 9,000 to 12,000 years ago are very different.

Walter Neves, an archaeologist from the University of Sao Paolo, has taken extensive skull measurements from dozens of skulls, including the oldest, a young woman who has been named Lucia.

“The measurements show that Lucia was anything but mongoloid,” he says.

The next step was to reconstruct a face from Lucia’s skull. First, a CAT scan of the skull was done, to allow an accurate working model to be made.

Then a forensic artist, Richard Neave from the University of Manchester, UK, created a face for Lucia. The result was surprising: “It has all the features of a negroid face,” says Dr Neave.

The skull dimensions and facial features match most closely the native people of Australia and Melanesia. These people date back to about 60,000 years, and were themselves descended from the first humans, who left Africa about 100,000 years ago.

But how could the early Australians have travelled more than 13,500 kilometres (8,450 miles) at that time? The answer comes from more cave paintings, this time from the Kimberley, a region at the northern tip of Western Australia.

Here, Grahame Walsh, an expert on Australian rock art, found the oldest painting of a boat anywhere in the world. The style of the art means it is at least 17,000 years old, but it could be up to 50,000 years old.

And the crucial detail is the high prow of the boat. This would have been unnecessary for boats used in calm, inland waters. The design suggests it was used on the open ocean.

Fantastic voyage

Archaeologists speculate that such an incredible sea voyage, from Australia to Brazil, would not have been undertaken knowingly but by accident.

Just three years ago, five African fishermen were caught in a storm and a few weeks later were washed up on the shores of South America. Two of the fishermen died, but three made it alive.

But if the first Americans had drifted from Australia, where are their descendants now? Again, the skulls suggest an answer.

The shape of the skulls changes between 9,000 and 7,000 years ago from being exclusively negroid to exclusively mongoloid. Combined with rock art evidence of increasing violence at this time, it appears that the mongoloid people from the north invaded and wiped out the original Americans.

The only evidence of any survivors comes from Terra del Fuego, the islands at the remotest southern tip of South America.

The pre-European Fuegeans, who lived stone age-style lives until this century, show hybrid skull features which could have resulted from intermarrying between mongoloid and negroid peoples. Their rituals and traditions also bear some resemblance to the ancient rock art in Brazil.

The identity of the first Americans is an emotive and controversial question. But the evidence from Brazil, and a handful of people who still live at the very tip of South America, suggests that the Americas have been home to a greater diversity of humans than previously thought – and for much longer.

[Szef]

So when they say 'we wuz kangz and shyt', 'shyt' means discoverers?

[Chollo Vista]

the vikings came to america way before columbus

The Folsom people, who were of African Origin, lived in the Southwestern part of the US at least 10,000 to 15,000 years ago, according to archeological findings. If the findings are historically accurate, then modern American Indians are neither "Native Americans" nor the "First Americans". It is logical to conclude than that the oldest Indian ancestors were African blacks. Clearly, all those white Americans who proclaim varying amounts of "Indian blood" are also confessing to have varying degrees of "black blood" in their veins.

The ancestors of modern day American Indians crossed the Bering Straits onto the North American continent approx. 5,000 - 6,000 years ago. In June, 1997 some archaeologists claimed that European whites were in North America approx 9,000 years ago, more than 3,000 years before Asians. Both groups came to N. America after African blacks who passed across the North American continent and established communities in the Southwest. The oldest traceable population group on the N. American continent were of African origin. The city of Folsom, Arizona, and Folsom Prison are name after the archaeological findings in that area.

It's generally accepted that the ancestors of present day American Indians were Asians who migrated across the Bering Straits approx 5,000-6,000 years ago. The presence of black Africans in the Southwest may offer an explanation as to why centuries ago, American Indians did not have Asian features nor yellow skin coloring. According to photos, drawings and written records, American Indians were dark complexioned. Similarly, Asian interbreeding with blacks could have produced Indians with oval eyes. Archaeological studies strongly concluded that the Folsom people were the oldest population group on the North American continent and they were definitely of African descent.

There is a great deal of evidence that people of African descent had an early presence in North, Central and South America long before Columbus arrived. In Central America, numerous monuments depict gods with Negroid features.

Columbus reported from his visit to South America that the "Indians" there spoke of having seen black people. Later, the Spaniards also claimed to have seen black-skinned people in Columbia and Peru. Pyramids, statues, and other stone figures throughout Central and Latin America have Negroid physical features. Then, there is an equaling puzzling question, "Whatever happened to the 5 million black slaves that Spain shipped into Central America between 1501 and 1650 to dig in the gold and silver mines? Did they perish? Or were they assimilated into various populations throughout North, Central and Latin America?

[Drunken Cat]

Columbus embarked on a voyage of discovery, landed on Hispaniola, discovering the New World.

What's the alternative? He had a viking map but concealed this for PR purposes?

Seems to me like it's possible for something to be discovered more than once. Ever 'discover' a beach?

[Chollo Vista]

Columbus embarked on a voyage of discovery, landed on Hispaniola, discovering the New World.

What's the alternative? He had a viking map but concealed this for PR purposes?

Seems to me like it's possible for something to be discovered more than once. Ever 'discover' a beach?

Actually, I've read that Columbus was assisted by Moors. Who assisted/taught the Moors? Egyptians.

[Drunken Cat]

Actually, I've read that Columbus was assisted by Moors. Who assisted/taught the Moors? Egyptians.

I'm pretty sure that's quite a minority perspective.

But after 500+ years hard to be sure of most things.

[The Hammer]

Actually, I've read that Columbus was assisted by Moors. Who assisted/taught the Moors? Egyptians.

Nonsense. The Moors had nothing to do with it, nor did the Egyptians.

Culumbus was an Italian and his crew were Spaniards.

[Chollo Vista]

Nonsense. The Moors had nothing to do with it, nor did the Egyptians.

Culumbus was an Italian and his crew were Spaniards.

The Moors conquered Spain... And yes, the Moors were heavily influenced by Egyptians