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Originally Posted by RINGG

Anyone still winning points on this?

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[A-Wolf]

Level: Introductory

Vishnu Vettrivel (vishnu@punditlabs.com), Principal Consultant, PunditLabs


30 May 2006

Learn the basic Framework for Integrated Tests (FIT) concepts and, through the use of the Extended FIT Eclipse plug-in, begin the process of testing FIT tables for Eclipse developers. This article, the first in a two-part series, introduces you to FIT and shows you how to use it within an Eclipse-based environment.
Since the days of mainframe computers, software engineers have had two main concerns: First, how does business communicate what it requires from an application and, second, how do engineers validate that they're building the correct software for the business need? Various methodologies and frameworks have appeared over the years to address these concerns, but not until the Framework for Integrated Tests (FIT) has a method been able to address them in a simple and intuitive way.

FIT is a general-purpose, open-ended framework that you can easily extend for expressing various sorts of tests. This article shows you how to use FIT in conjunction with Eclipse to solve several problems in software development. I begin by giving you a brief look at what FIT does to solve the problems inherent in software engineering.

FIT facilitates communication among the various stakeholders and developers in a business, focusing precisely on what must be done. This functionality helps everyone avoid unclear business needs and helps ensure that developers solve the right business problem. Also, FIT supports the inevitable restructuring of code as the system evolves, reducing the difficulty of maintaining, extending or changing code, as well as code bloat and software entropy. Finally, FIT increases overall software quality by ensuring that the team knows immediately when a component has been completed as well as when completed work has been mistakenly broken.

FIT and JUnit

If you use JUnit, the all-important question is, Do I have to stop writing JUnit test cases? The answer is a resounding No. FIT isn't intended to supplement JUnit testing; rather, it functions at a higher level -- the level of integration testing (see Figure 1).



Figure 1. The FIT process flow


You can still develop JUnit tests. But in addition, you'll create FIT tests using FIT tables.




Back to top




FIT and FIT tables

For JUnit, it was a test case. For the IBM Rational Unified Process® (RUP®), it was a use case. For FIT, it's a table. Tables play a pivotal role in delivering on the FIT promise of increased communication among stake holders, software agility, and software stability.

Tables are a simple and effective way to communicate, whether they're the final scores of a baseball game or the stock prices in your daily newspaper. For this reason, the creators of FIT have chosen tables as the weapon of choice for allowing users to communicate software behavior through examples, which reduces ambiguity and puts the onus on the user to clearly define the software system.

Agility -- allowing change to happen -- is of key importance to modern software systems. The increasing rate of competition forces business users to keep adding more features and functionalities. FIT testing helps increase agility by defining changes and ensuring that no software modifications break previously satisfied requirements. FIT tables serve as a mechanism for conveying the results of the software developed by acting as a guiding light in the development process and focusing on business value.

However, with increased agility and change comes the increased risk of losing stability. FIT tables help restore the balance required of a System Under Test (SUT) by making sure that any changes to the underlying system -- including refactoring and enhancements -- are visually conveyed immediately to the various stakeholders of that system.




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Testing calculations with FIT

Testing calculations according to a given business rule is an important part of software testing. Business needs are communicated in the form of tables and concrete examples help you understand what's required.

Example: FIT calculation table

The business rule for the calculation test in this example is:

A US scholarship worth 500 hundred dollars is awarded to students whenever their Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) score is at least 2000, and for every 100 points over 2000. The sample data in the table is used to model the correlation between the SAT score and the scholarship awarded for several cases. For example, when the score is 2300, the scholarship is 2000 US dollars.
Table 1 is an example of a FIT table that models the expected behavior of this business rule. That rule calculates the scholarship that students receive based on their SAT scores.



Table 1. FIT calculation using a ColumnFixture table
CalculateScholarship
Score Scholarship()
1000 0
1999 0
2000 500
2050 500
2100 1000
2200 1500
2300 2000
2350 2000
2400 2500

The first row in the table shows the name of the fixture to be tested. The fixture class acts as the driver to determine how the sample data sets in the table are to be tested against the SUT. In this example, the fixture is CalculateScholarship.

Because this example involves a ColumnFixture table, the second row identifies the names of the given and the calculated field columns. In this example, the Score column refers to the input values, and the Scholarship() column refers to the expected calculated result.




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Create a FIT fixture for the ColumnFixture table

To make the framework work with Table 1, you must create a fixture, or an intermediary Test Adapter class that tells FIT how to talk to your software. Listing 1 shows the CalculateScholarship fixture.



Listing 1. The CalculateScholarship fixture

public class CalculateScholarship extends ColumnFixture {

public int score;

public int scholarship(){

ScholarshipSystem scholar = new ScholarshipSystem();

return scholar.calculateScholarship(score);

}

}



This fixture invokes the SUT ScholarshipSystem class shown in Listing 2, and then invokes the calculateScholarship() method on it.



Listing 2. The ScholarshipSystem class

public class ScholarshipSystem {

public int calculateScholarship(int score){

int scholarship = 0;

if(score<2000)
return scholarship;
else
scholarship = 500;

scholarship = scholarship + ((score - 2000)/100) * 500;

return scholarship;
}

}



You can extend different types of fixtures depending on what you're testing. In the example above, I used ColumnFixture to map the columns in the table to variables and methods in the fixture.

The two columns in the table correspond to variables in the fixture. The second column, which contains the expected result, corresponds to the scholarship() method in the fixture. To calculate the answer, I used the ScholarshipSystem class as the SUT.




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Testing with FIT in Eclipse

To demonstrate how you can use FIT in an Eclipse environment, I used the Extended FIT Eclipse plug-in, which provides a simple user interface (UI) for loading FIT input and output files. This plug-in is based on the basic FIT Library plug-in.

Installing the Extended FIT Eclipse plug-in

To install the Extended FIT Eclipse plug-in, complete these steps:

Download the core FIT Eclipse plug-in.
Extract the .zip file contents, and copy the .jar file into the Plugins folder of your Eclipse installation.
Download the Extended FIT Eclipse plug-in.
Copy the .jar file to the Plugins folder of your Eclipse installation.
Restart Eclipse.
You should now see a new FIT menu as well as a Run FIT toolbar button (see Figure 2). If you do, you've successfully installed the Extended FIT Eclipse plug-in.



Figure 2. The Extended FIT plug-in installed in Eclipse


The Extended FIT Eclipse plug-in comes bundled with the FIT .jar file, so you don't need to install the FIT .jar file separately for running tests. However, to develop your fixtures, you might need to add the FIT .jar file to your build path.

Testing other kinds of fixtures

You can use the approach shown here for testing calculations using FIT tables and fixtures to test other FIT tables. For example, you use the ActionFixtures fixture to test business process flow, while you use the RowFixtures fixture to test the results of an expected search or a query. The only difference in testing these kinds of fixtures using the Extended FIT Eclipse plug-in is that the fixture you write would extend a different type of Base Fixture class.

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Bump..................

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